The workshop “Trees or Pastures? Improvement of pastures and management of the tree component in silvopastoral systems” took place on 3 November in Berchidda (SS), as part of the “Semenare” series of the Làcani Living Lab within the SALAM-MED project. Organized in collaboration with Operational Group ZOOTRACK (PSR Sardegna 16.1), Horizon Europe MONALISA Project, and the NRD – Desertification Research Center, University of Sassari, the event brought together researchers, technicians, and local farmers to exchange knowledge on sustainable silvopastoral management. The workshop explored the multifunctional role of trees in pastures, including the choice of species, optimal density, regeneration, pruning, grazing management. A lively discussion followed, highlighting key issues such as the abandonment of traditional grazing practices, the intensification of stall-based livestock systems, and the decline of forest management in rural areas. Participants stressed the need for targeted incentives and support schemes to encourage sustainable silvopastoral practices and preserve the unique habitats and biodiversity found in wooded pastures. The event confirmed the growing interest among local stakeholders to experiment with innovative tools and management models that balance economic viability, ecological value, and cultural heritage in Mediterranean rural landscapes.